Numerical analysis of unidirectional eccentricity in isolated footings
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eccentricity, finite element method, umerical modelling, superficial foundations, ultimate bearing capacity
The ultimate bearing capacity is defined as the load applied to a soil through the distribution of a critical stress exerted on the support material, using a geotechnical connecting element called a foundation. According to Terzaghi, most foundations are designed under a concept known as general shear failure. Theoretically, there is an influence on the calculation, detected by the effect of the load eccentricity, transmitted by the column of the structure. This eccentricity can be caused by various aspects, especially superstructural ones that are transferred to the shallow foundation. The study consists of a numerical analysis, using a computational model based on the finite element method; and an evaluation by means of empirical equations that are used in the daily practice of engineering. The results show a certain similarity, where conservative values are revealed in the numerical models with respect to traditional theories.
L. Prandtl, 1920. “Über die Härteplastischer Körper.” Nachr. Ges. Wiss. Goettingen. Math. Phys. Klm pp.74–85, 1920
H. Reissner, Zum Erddruck problem. In: Biezeno, C.B., Burgers, J.M. (Eds.), Proceedings of the 1st International Congress for Applied Mechanics, Delft, The Netherlands, pp.295–311, 1924
A.S. Keverling Buisman, . Grondmechanica. Waltman, Delft, the Netherlands, 243, 1940
K. Terzaghi, Theoretical Soil Mechanics. J. Wiley, New York, 1943 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470172766
G.G. Meyerhof, The ultimate bearing capacity of foundations. Géotechnique vol. 2, pp. 301–332, 1951 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.1951.2.4.301
J. Brinch Hansen, "A general formula for bearing capacity", Bulletin No 11, Geoteknisk Institut. Institute Akademict for de Tekniske Videuskaber, Copenhagen, 1961
A. W. Skempton: "The bearing capacity of clays" Proc. Buil. Res. Congr., Londres, 1951
S. Van Baars, The inclination and shape factors for the bearing capacity of footings. Soils and Foundations, 2014 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sandf.2014.09.004
G.G. Meyerhof, The bearing capacity of foundations under eccentric and inclined loads. In: Proceedings of the III International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Zürich, Switzerland, 1, pp. 440–445, 1953
G.G. Meyerhof, "Some recent research on the bearing capacity of foundations", Can. Geotech. J., vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 16–26, 1963 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1139/t63-003
A. Caquot, J. Kerisel, "Sur le terme de surface dans le calcul des fondations en milieu pulverulent", In: Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Zurich, Switzerland, vol.1, 16–27 August 1953, pp.336–337, 1953
J.A. Brinch Hansen, Revised and extended formula for bearing capacity, Bulletin no.28. Danish Geotechnical Institute Copenhagen, pp. 5–11, 1970
W.F. Chen, Limit Analysis and Soil Plasticity. Elsevier, 1975.
A. Vesic, Análisis de la capacidad de carga de cimentaciones superficiales. Universidad Autónoma de Mexico, 1973
J. Biarez, M. Burel, and B. Wack, “Contribution á létude de la force pprtante des fondations”, Procs, V International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, vol 1, Paris pp. 603-609, 1961
E.E. De Beer, and A. Vesic, “Etude experimentale de la capacité portante de sable des fondations directes etablies en surface”, Annales des Travaux Publics de Belique, no. 3, pp. 5-58, 1958.
G.G. Meyerhof, “The ultimate bearin capacity of wedge-shaped foundations”, Procs, V International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundations Engineering, vol. 2, pp. 105-109, 1961
Szechy, K. “Der Einfluss der Sohlflachenform von Streifenfundamenten auf die Tragfahigkeit und Spannungsausbreitung”, VDI Zeitschrift, vol. 109, no. 8 pp. 339-344, 1967
J. Mandel, “Interference plastique de semelles filantes”, Procs, VI International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, vol. 2, pp. 127-131, 1965
J.G. Stuart, "Interference between Foundations with Special Reference to Surface Footings in Sand", Geotechnique, vol. 12, no. 1. pp. 15-22, 1962. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.1962.12.1.15
J.M. West and J.G. Stuart, “Oblique Loading resulting from interference between surface footings on sand”, Procs, VI International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, vol. 2, pp. 214-217, 1965.
G.G. Meyerhof, “Influence of roughness of base and groundwater conditions on the ultimate bearing capacity of foundations”, Geotechnique, vol. 5, no. 3 pp. 227-242, 1955 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.1955.5.3.227
L.W. Heller, “Failure modes of impact-loaded footings on dense sand”, technical Report R-281, US Naval Civil Engineering Laboratory, Port Hueneme, California, pp. 1-31, 1964
F.E. Richart, “Dynamically Loaded foundations in bearing capacity and settlement of foundations”, Procs, Symposium held at Duke University pp. 69-81, 1965
A.S. Vesic, D.C. Banks and J.M. Woodward, “An experimental study of dynamic bearing capacity of footings on sand”, Procs, VI International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, vol. 2, Montreal, pp. 209-213, 1965
R.V. Whitman, “The response of soils to dynamic loadings”, Contract report No. 3-26, US Army Waterways Experiment Station, Vicksburg, Miss, 1970. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21236/AD0708625
S. Prakash and S. Saran, "Bearing capacity of eccentrically loaded footings", J. Soil Mech. Found. Div., ASCE, vol. 97, no. 1, pp. 95, 1971 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1061/JSFEAQ.0001544
W. H. Highter and J.C. Anders, "Dimensioning footings subjected to eccentric loads", J. Geotech. Eng., ASCE, vol. 111, no. 5, pp. 659, 1985 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9410(1985)111:5(659)
The ultimate bearing capacity is defined as the load applied to a soil through the distribution of a critical stress exerted on the support material, using a geotechnical connecting element called a foundation. According to Terzaghi, most foundations are designed under a concept known as general shear failure. Theoretically, there is an influence on the calculation, detected by the effect of the load eccentricity, transmitted by the column of the structure. This eccentricity can be caused by various aspects, especially superstructural ones that are transferred to the shallow foundation. The study consists of a numerical analysis, using a computational model based on the finite element method; and an evaluation by means of empirical equations that are used in the daily practice of engineering. The results show a certain similarity, where conservative values are revealed in the numerical models with respect to traditional theories.
L. Prandtl, 1920. “Über die Härteplastischer Körper.” Nachr. Ges. Wiss. Goettingen. Math. Phys. Klm pp.74–85, 1920
H. Reissner, Zum Erddruck problem. In: Biezeno, C.B., Burgers, J.M. (Eds.), Proceedings of the 1st International Congress for Applied Mechanics, Delft, The Netherlands, pp.295–311, 1924
A.S. Keverling Buisman, . Grondmechanica. Waltman, Delft, the Netherlands, 243, 1940
K. Terzaghi, Theoretical Soil Mechanics. J. Wiley, New York, 1943 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470172766
G.G. Meyerhof, The ultimate bearing capacity of foundations. Géotechnique vol. 2, pp. 301–332, 1951 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.1951.2.4.301
J. Brinch Hansen, "A general formula for bearing capacity", Bulletin No 11, Geoteknisk Institut. Institute Akademict for de Tekniske Videuskaber, Copenhagen, 1961
A. W. Skempton: "The bearing capacity of clays" Proc. Buil. Res. Congr., Londres, 1951
S. Van Baars, The inclination and shape factors for the bearing capacity of footings. Soils and Foundations, 2014 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sandf.2014.09.004
G.G. Meyerhof, The bearing capacity of foundations under eccentric and inclined loads. In: Proceedings of the III International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Zürich, Switzerland, 1, pp. 440–445, 1953
G.G. Meyerhof, "Some recent research on the bearing capacity of foundations", Can. Geotech. J., vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 16–26, 1963 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1139/t63-003
A. Caquot, J. Kerisel, "Sur le terme de surface dans le calcul des fondations en milieu pulverulent", In: Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Zurich, Switzerland, vol.1, 16–27 August 1953, pp.336–337, 1953
J.A. Brinch Hansen, Revised and extended formula for bearing capacity, Bulletin no.28. Danish Geotechnical Institute Copenhagen, pp. 5–11, 1970
W.F. Chen, Limit Analysis and Soil Plasticity. Elsevier, 1975.
A. Vesic, Análisis de la capacidad de carga de cimentaciones superficiales. Universidad Autónoma de Mexico, 1973
J. Biarez, M. Burel, and B. Wack, “Contribution á létude de la force pprtante des fondations”, Procs, V International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, vol 1, Paris pp. 603-609, 1961
E.E. De Beer, and A. Vesic, “Etude experimentale de la capacité portante de sable des fondations directes etablies en surface”, Annales des Travaux Publics de Belique, no. 3, pp. 5-58, 1958.
G.G. Meyerhof, “The ultimate bearin capacity of wedge-shaped foundations”, Procs, V International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundations Engineering, vol. 2, pp. 105-109, 1961
Szechy, K. “Der Einfluss der Sohlflachenform von Streifenfundamenten auf die Tragfahigkeit und Spannungsausbreitung”, VDI Zeitschrift, vol. 109, no. 8 pp. 339-344, 1967
J. Mandel, “Interference plastique de semelles filantes”, Procs, VI International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, vol. 2, pp. 127-131, 1965
J.G. Stuart, "Interference between Foundations with Special Reference to Surface Footings in Sand", Geotechnique, vol. 12, no. 1. pp. 15-22, 1962. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.1962.12.1.15
J.M. West and J.G. Stuart, “Oblique Loading resulting from interference between surface footings on sand”, Procs, VI International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, vol. 2, pp. 214-217, 1965.
G.G. Meyerhof, “Influence of roughness of base and groundwater conditions on the ultimate bearing capacity of foundations”, Geotechnique, vol. 5, no. 3 pp. 227-242, 1955 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.1955.5.3.227
L.W. Heller, “Failure modes of impact-loaded footings on dense sand”, technical Report R-281, US Naval Civil Engineering Laboratory, Port Hueneme, California, pp. 1-31, 1964
F.E. Richart, “Dynamically Loaded foundations in bearing capacity and settlement of foundations”, Procs, Symposium held at Duke University pp. 69-81, 1965
A.S. Vesic, D.C. Banks and J.M. Woodward, “An experimental study of dynamic bearing capacity of footings on sand”, Procs, VI International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, vol. 2, Montreal, pp. 209-213, 1965
R.V. Whitman, “The response of soils to dynamic loadings”, Contract report No. 3-26, US Army Waterways Experiment Station, Vicksburg, Miss, 1970. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21236/AD0708625
S. Prakash and S. Saran, "Bearing capacity of eccentrically loaded footings", J. Soil Mech. Found. Div., ASCE, vol. 97, no. 1, pp. 95, 1971 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1061/JSFEAQ.0001544
W. H. Highter and J.C. Anders, "Dimensioning footings subjected to eccentric loads", J. Geotech. Eng., ASCE, vol. 111, no. 5, pp. 659, 1985 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9410(1985)111:5(659)