Information security as an essential pillar for the protection of digital information at the level of Norte de Santander.

Abstract

This research article analyzes cybersecurity as a fundamental pillar for protecting digital information in the department of Norte de Santander and the city of Cúcuta, within a context of increasing cyberattacks and vulnerabilities. The main objective was to identify the most frequent threats, the technical and regulatory limitations faced by companies, and to propose strategies that contribute to improving the management and protection of their digital data. A qualitative approach with a descriptive and explanatory design was used, selecting a purposive sample of technical documents, official reports, public policies, and scientific studies published between 2020 and 2025, prioritizing sources from recognized organizations and entities specializing in cybersecurity. The techniques used included document review, content analysis, and organization of information into matrices to facilitate thematic comparison and interpretation. The results show that the most recurrent forms of attack in the region are ransomware, phishing, identity theft, and attacks on critical infrastructure, primarily affecting medium-sized companies and public sector entities due to insufficient investment in security systems. Although progress has been made in connectivity and technological resources, significant gaps persist in training and digital literacy, limiting the effectiveness of implemented strategies. The analysis shows that the impact of these threats extends beyond the technical realm, affecting public trust, the regional economy, and the efficiency of public administration. It is concluded that, to address these challenges, it is essential to strengthen cybersecurity training, coordinate inter-institutional efforts, and update the regulatory framework with more relevant regulations in order to consolidate a culture of cybersecurity and digital resilience aligned with the demands of the Colombian-Venezuelan border region.