Analysis of practices associated with sustainability in the tourism value chain in Norte de Santander
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environmental, service, socicultural, sustainability, tourism
In Norte de Santander, tourist services are grouped taking into account the type of municipality and the capacity to meet the demand of annual users. In this analysis, an instrument was applied to 322 tourist establishments distributed in 45 accommodation companies, 131 bars and restaurants, 8 tourist guide companies and 19 travel agencies; each one with a National Tourism Registry in the respective Chambers of Commerce of Cúcuta and Pamplona. This instrument collected information related to the support activities that generate value in the organization according to Porter's value chain in direct relation to the environmental, social and economic components. From this analysis, it was possible to identify that both providers in Cúcuta and Pamplona at the infrastructure level, accommodation and gastronomy services present more than 50% of difficulties in appropriation of sustainable strategies in processes related to adaptation of space for different disabilities, resource management water, energy saving, and development of local improvements. In activities related to human resources, it was identified that more than 60% do not use a second language in customer service. In the same way, in activities related to the development or implementation of technology, it was specifically identified in Pamplona that, in 80% of the providers of accommodation, guidance and transport services, there is difficulty in the use of specific software for the service they provide, development of studies on technological changes in the competition, the establishment of automated processes and computer security. For the PST, the approach of environmental and social processes with respect to the economic component ends up becoming one more expense or situations that cannot be controlled. To promote sustainable development in tourism, support is required in technological updating processes, the strengthening of human capital and the chaining of production processes.
A. M. Barriga, “La contradicción del Turismo en la conservación y el desarrollo en Galápagos - Ecuador”, Estudios y Perspectivas en Turismo, vol. 24, no. 2, pp. 399-413, 2015
UNWTO, “Panorama del Turismo Internacional”, 4 Noviembre 2022. [En línea]. https://www.e-unwto.org/doi/pdf/10.18111/9789284421237
MINCIT, “Política de Turismo sostenible: Unidos por la naturalreza”, Abril 2020. [En línea]. https://www.mincit.gov.co/minturismo/calidad-y-desarrollo-sostenible/politicas-del-sector-turismo/politica-de-turismo-sostenible/politica-de-turismo-sostenible-9.aspx
UNWTO, “El crecimiento del turismo internacional sigue superando a la economía mundial”, 20 enero 2020. [En línea]. https://www.unwto.org/international-tourism-growth-continues-to-outpace-the-economy#:~:text%20=1.5%20billion%20international%20tourist%20arrivals,%20in%20view%20of%20current%20uncertainties
CEPAL, “Informe: Nuestro Futuro Común”, 1987. [En línea]. https://www.cepal.org/es/temas/desarrollo-sostenible/acerca-desarrollo-sostenible
J. L. Doménech Quesada, “Huella ecologica y desarrollo sostenible”, de Disociación economía-recursos, Madrid, AENOR (Asociación Española de Normalización y Certificación), 2010
C. A. Martinez Riascos, “Economía circular y bioeconomía, pilares del desarrollo sostenible”, Rev. colomb. biotecnol., vol. 22, no. 2, pp. 3–5, dic. 2020
A. I. Marín Marín y A. Palafox-Muñoz, Aproximación teórica al estudio de los conflictos ambientales del turismo en comunidades rurales, Mexico: Editorial Torres Asociados, 2020.
MINCIT, “Política de Turismo Sostenible”, 2020. [En línea]. https://www.mincit.gov.co/minturismo/calidad-y-desarrollo-sostenible/politicas-del-sector-turismo/politica-de-turismo-sostenible/documento-de-politica-politica-de-turismo-sostenib.aspx
Universidad de Belgrano, “Documentos de Trabajo”, 2010. [En línea]. http://repositorio.ub.edu.ar/bitstream/handle/123456789/4781/254_Roussos.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
L. M. Méndez Hinojosa y J. A. Peña Moreno, “Manual Práctico Para El Diseño De La Escala Likert”, 21 noviembre 2012. [En línea]. https://revistas.lasallep.edu.mx/index.php/xihmai/article/view/101/88
Calidad Turistica, “Prestadores de Servicios Turísticos Certificado”, 20 noviembre 2021. [En línea]. https://calidadturistica.gov.co/certificacion/tradicional
M. V. Rubio, “La sostenibilidad ambiental del sector hotelero español. Una contribución al turismo sostenible entre el interés empresarial y el compromiso ambiental”, Arbor, vol. 193, no. 785. Doi: 10.3989/arbor.2017.785n3009
J. L. James Cruz y D. J. Barrios Torrejano, “Valoración del uso del agua en la isla de San Andrés: turistas, hoteles y viviendas turísticas”, PASOS RTPC, vol. 18, n.º 2, pp. 293–308, abr. 2020
S. Benavides Vindas, “ El aporte del turismo a la economía costarricense: más de una década después”, Economía y Sociedad, vol. 25, no. 57, pp. 1-29. Doi: 10.15359/eys.25-57.1
M. Aydin, “The impacts of political stability, renewable energy consumption, and economic growth on tourism in Turkey: New evidence from Fourier Bootstrap ARDL approach”, Renewable Energy, vol. 190, pp. 467-473, 2022
F. Weyland, P. Colacci, A. Cardoni, C. Estavillo, “Can rural tourism stimulate biodiversity conservation and influence farmer’s management decisions?”, Journal for Nature Conservation, vol. 64, 2021
Y. Jung Kim, D. Kun Lee, C.Ki Kim, “Spatial tradeoff between biodiversity and nature-based tourism: Considering mobile phone-driven visitation pattern”, Global Ecology and Conservation, vol. 21, March 2020
A. Tolvanen, et al., “The relationship between people’s activities and values with the protection level and biodiversity”, Tourism Management, vol. 81, December 2020
S. B. Santana-Santana et al., “Is disability a conditioning factor to perceive cultural ecosystem services? Assessing social perception in a coastal protected dunefield”, Ocean & Coastal Management, vol. 228, 2022
B. Gillovic, A. McIntosh, C. Cockburn-Wootten, S. Darcy, “Experiences of tourists with intellectual disabilities: A phenomenological approach”, Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, vol. 48, pp. Pages 155-162, 2021
L. Tussadiah, “A review of research into automation in tourism: Launching the Annals of Tourism Research Curated Collection on Artificial Intelligence and Robotics in Tourism”, Annals of Tourism Research, vol. 81, 2020
A. Orea-Giner, et al., “Does the Implementation of Robots in Hotels Influence the Overall TripAdvisor Rating? A Text Mining Analysis from the Industry 5.0 Approach”, Tourism Management, vol. 93, 2022
A. Y.i Ayyildiz, M. Baykal, E. Koc, “Attitudes of hotel customers towards the use of service robots in hospitality service encounters”, Technology in Society, vol. 70, 2022
D.Oseda Gago, et al., “Calidad del turismo sostenible desde la perspectiva del clienteen la zona de influencia de Ica –Perú”, Ciencia Latina Revista Científica Multidisciplinar, vol. 6, no. 2, pp.2206. Doi: 10.37811/cl_rcm.v6i2.2019p 2206
V. N. Kartashova y N. N. Arkhangelskaya, “Mejora de las habilidades en idiomas extranjeros de empleados de turismo”, Apuntes Universitarios, vol. 11, no. 4, 2021, Doi: 10.17162/au.v11i4.862
Z. Wang and. Y. B. Chiu, “Inbound tourism and income inequality: the role of banking sector development”, Journal of Sustainable Tourism, p. 1-20, 2022
E. Celeste, J. P. Alves, M. J. Rosa and L. Teixeira,” Are higher education institutions preparing future tourism professionals for tourism for all? An overview from Portuguese higher education tourism programmes”, Journal of Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism Education, vol. 31, no. 100395, 2022
M.D. Shidende, “Hacia la mejora de la profesionalidad de los guías turísticos en Tanzania a través de un portal de guías turísticos”, African Journal of Hospitality, Tourism and Leisure, vol. 8, no. 4, 2019
D. Wei, “Gemiverse: The blockchain-based professional certification and tourism platform with its own ecosystem in the metaverse”, International Journal of Geoheritage and Parks, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 322-336, 2022
M. E. P. Romero, A. K. Cruz y M. B. F. Romero, “Comportamiento salarial por género en nodos turísticos mexicanos”, PASOS Revista de turismo y patrimonio cultural, vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 303-321, 2021.
C. Yılmaz and S. Özgener, “Competitive intelligence and competitiveness in accommodation businesses: the role of employee training effectiveness”,. Current Issues in Tourism, vol. 25, no. 18, pp. 2905-2921, 2022
M. d. P. L. Londoño, “TURISMO Y ECONOMÍA COLABORATIVA: EL CASO DE LOS RECORRIDOS GRATUITOS A PIE EN BARCELONA”, Cuadernos de Turismo, no. 41, pp. 323-341, 2018
J. F. Ramírez Pérez, I. Pérez Hernández, M. Rodríguez Martínez y H. Miranda Camejo, “Turismo local sostenible: contribución al desarrollo territorial en Cuba”,Cooperativismo y Desarrollo, vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 425-447, 2020
UNWTO, “Barómetro OMT del Turismo Mundial, mayo 2020 – Con especial enfoque en el impacto de la COVID-19”, 9 Mayo 2020. [En línea]. https://www.e-unwto.org/doi/epdf/10.18111/9789284421954
In Norte de Santander, tourist services are grouped taking into account the type of municipality and the capacity to meet the demand of annual users. In this analysis, an instrument was applied to 322 tourist establishments distributed in 45 accommodation companies, 131 bars and restaurants, 8 tourist guide companies and 19 travel agencies; each one with a National Tourism Registry in the respective Chambers of Commerce of Cúcuta and Pamplona. This instrument collected information related to the support activities that generate value in the organization according to Porter's value chain in direct relation to the environmental, social and economic components. From this analysis, it was possible to identify that both providers in Cúcuta and Pamplona at the infrastructure level, accommodation and gastronomy services present more than 50% of difficulties in appropriation of sustainable strategies in processes related to adaptation of space for different disabilities, resource management water, energy saving, and development of local improvements. In activities related to human resources, it was identified that more than 60% do not use a second language in customer service. In the same way, in activities related to the development or implementation of technology, it was specifically identified in Pamplona that, in 80% of the providers of accommodation, guidance and transport services, there is difficulty in the use of specific software for the service they provide, development of studies on technological changes in the competition, the establishment of automated processes and computer security. For the PST, the approach of environmental and social processes with respect to the economic component ends up becoming one more expense or situations that cannot be controlled. To promote sustainable development in tourism, support is required in technological updating processes, the strengthening of human capital and the chaining of production processes.
A. M. Barriga, “La contradicción del Turismo en la conservación y el desarrollo en Galápagos - Ecuador”, Estudios y Perspectivas en Turismo, vol. 24, no. 2, pp. 399-413, 2015
UNWTO, “Panorama del Turismo Internacional”, 4 Noviembre 2022. [En línea]. https://www.e-unwto.org/doi/pdf/10.18111/9789284421237
MINCIT, “Política de Turismo sostenible: Unidos por la naturalreza”, Abril 2020. [En línea]. https://www.mincit.gov.co/minturismo/calidad-y-desarrollo-sostenible/politicas-del-sector-turismo/politica-de-turismo-sostenible/politica-de-turismo-sostenible-9.aspx
UNWTO, “El crecimiento del turismo internacional sigue superando a la economía mundial”, 20 enero 2020. [En línea]. https://www.unwto.org/international-tourism-growth-continues-to-outpace-the-economy#:~:text%20=1.5%20billion%20international%20tourist%20arrivals,%20in%20view%20of%20current%20uncertainties
CEPAL, “Informe: Nuestro Futuro Común”, 1987. [En línea]. https://www.cepal.org/es/temas/desarrollo-sostenible/acerca-desarrollo-sostenible
J. L. Doménech Quesada, “Huella ecologica y desarrollo sostenible”, de Disociación economía-recursos, Madrid, AENOR (Asociación Española de Normalización y Certificación), 2010
C. A. Martinez Riascos, “Economía circular y bioeconomía, pilares del desarrollo sostenible”, Rev. colomb. biotecnol., vol. 22, no. 2, pp. 3–5, dic. 2020
A. I. Marín Marín y A. Palafox-Muñoz, Aproximación teórica al estudio de los conflictos ambientales del turismo en comunidades rurales, Mexico: Editorial Torres Asociados, 2020.
MINCIT, “Política de Turismo Sostenible”, 2020. [En línea]. https://www.mincit.gov.co/minturismo/calidad-y-desarrollo-sostenible/politicas-del-sector-turismo/politica-de-turismo-sostenible/documento-de-politica-politica-de-turismo-sostenib.aspx
Universidad de Belgrano, “Documentos de Trabajo”, 2010. [En línea]. http://repositorio.ub.edu.ar/bitstream/handle/123456789/4781/254_Roussos.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
L. M. Méndez Hinojosa y J. A. Peña Moreno, “Manual Práctico Para El Diseño De La Escala Likert”, 21 noviembre 2012. [En línea]. https://revistas.lasallep.edu.mx/index.php/xihmai/article/view/101/88
Calidad Turistica, “Prestadores de Servicios Turísticos Certificado”, 20 noviembre 2021. [En línea]. https://calidadturistica.gov.co/certificacion/tradicional
M. V. Rubio, “La sostenibilidad ambiental del sector hotelero español. Una contribución al turismo sostenible entre el interés empresarial y el compromiso ambiental”, Arbor, vol. 193, no. 785. Doi: 10.3989/arbor.2017.785n3009
J. L. James Cruz y D. J. Barrios Torrejano, “Valoración del uso del agua en la isla de San Andrés: turistas, hoteles y viviendas turísticas”, PASOS RTPC, vol. 18, n.º 2, pp. 293–308, abr. 2020
S. Benavides Vindas, “ El aporte del turismo a la economía costarricense: más de una década después”, Economía y Sociedad, vol. 25, no. 57, pp. 1-29. Doi: 10.15359/eys.25-57.1
M. Aydin, “The impacts of political stability, renewable energy consumption, and economic growth on tourism in Turkey: New evidence from Fourier Bootstrap ARDL approach”, Renewable Energy, vol. 190, pp. 467-473, 2022
F. Weyland, P. Colacci, A. Cardoni, C. Estavillo, “Can rural tourism stimulate biodiversity conservation and influence farmer’s management decisions?”, Journal for Nature Conservation, vol. 64, 2021
Y. Jung Kim, D. Kun Lee, C.Ki Kim, “Spatial tradeoff between biodiversity and nature-based tourism: Considering mobile phone-driven visitation pattern”, Global Ecology and Conservation, vol. 21, March 2020
A. Tolvanen, et al., “The relationship between people’s activities and values with the protection level and biodiversity”, Tourism Management, vol. 81, December 2020
S. B. Santana-Santana et al., “Is disability a conditioning factor to perceive cultural ecosystem services? Assessing social perception in a coastal protected dunefield”, Ocean & Coastal Management, vol. 228, 2022
B. Gillovic, A. McIntosh, C. Cockburn-Wootten, S. Darcy, “Experiences of tourists with intellectual disabilities: A phenomenological approach”, Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, vol. 48, pp. Pages 155-162, 2021
L. Tussadiah, “A review of research into automation in tourism: Launching the Annals of Tourism Research Curated Collection on Artificial Intelligence and Robotics in Tourism”, Annals of Tourism Research, vol. 81, 2020
A. Orea-Giner, et al., “Does the Implementation of Robots in Hotels Influence the Overall TripAdvisor Rating? A Text Mining Analysis from the Industry 5.0 Approach”, Tourism Management, vol. 93, 2022
A. Y.i Ayyildiz, M. Baykal, E. Koc, “Attitudes of hotel customers towards the use of service robots in hospitality service encounters”, Technology in Society, vol. 70, 2022
D.Oseda Gago, et al., “Calidad del turismo sostenible desde la perspectiva del clienteen la zona de influencia de Ica –Perú”, Ciencia Latina Revista Científica Multidisciplinar, vol. 6, no. 2, pp.2206. Doi: 10.37811/cl_rcm.v6i2.2019p 2206
V. N. Kartashova y N. N. Arkhangelskaya, “Mejora de las habilidades en idiomas extranjeros de empleados de turismo”, Apuntes Universitarios, vol. 11, no. 4, 2021, Doi: 10.17162/au.v11i4.862
Z. Wang and. Y. B. Chiu, “Inbound tourism and income inequality: the role of banking sector development”, Journal of Sustainable Tourism, p. 1-20, 2022
E. Celeste, J. P. Alves, M. J. Rosa and L. Teixeira,” Are higher education institutions preparing future tourism professionals for tourism for all? An overview from Portuguese higher education tourism programmes”, Journal of Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism Education, vol. 31, no. 100395, 2022
M.D. Shidende, “Hacia la mejora de la profesionalidad de los guías turísticos en Tanzania a través de un portal de guías turísticos”, African Journal of Hospitality, Tourism and Leisure, vol. 8, no. 4, 2019
D. Wei, “Gemiverse: The blockchain-based professional certification and tourism platform with its own ecosystem in the metaverse”, International Journal of Geoheritage and Parks, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 322-336, 2022
M. E. P. Romero, A. K. Cruz y M. B. F. Romero, “Comportamiento salarial por género en nodos turísticos mexicanos”, PASOS Revista de turismo y patrimonio cultural, vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 303-321, 2021.
C. Yılmaz and S. Özgener, “Competitive intelligence and competitiveness in accommodation businesses: the role of employee training effectiveness”,. Current Issues in Tourism, vol. 25, no. 18, pp. 2905-2921, 2022
M. d. P. L. Londoño, “TURISMO Y ECONOMÍA COLABORATIVA: EL CASO DE LOS RECORRIDOS GRATUITOS A PIE EN BARCELONA”, Cuadernos de Turismo, no. 41, pp. 323-341, 2018
J. F. Ramírez Pérez, I. Pérez Hernández, M. Rodríguez Martínez y H. Miranda Camejo, “Turismo local sostenible: contribución al desarrollo territorial en Cuba”,Cooperativismo y Desarrollo, vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 425-447, 2020
UNWTO, “Barómetro OMT del Turismo Mundial, mayo 2020 – Con especial enfoque en el impacto de la COVID-19”, 9 Mayo 2020. [En línea]. https://www.e-unwto.org/doi/epdf/10.18111/9789284421954
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