High logistics costs reduce the competitiveness of Colombian exports

Abstract

This article examines the influence of elevated logistics expenses on the competitiveness of Colombian exports, a challenge that predominantly impacts small and medium-sized enterprises reliant on operational efficiency to thrive in global markets.  The study aimed to ascertain the factors that elevate logistics costs and to comprehend their impact on the nation's export capacity.  A qualitative research methodology employing a documentary framework was utilized, supplemented by semi-structured interviews with seven participants from the export sector, encompassing business proprietors, transport operators, and a customs official.  The theoretical review encompassed recent publications from ECLAC, the World Bank, the Inter-American Development Bank, and the Chamber of Commerce of Cúcuta, released between 2022 and 2025, facilitating the contextualization of the current logistics situation in Colombia. The findings indicate that the primary factors contributing to the increase in logistics costs are inadequate road infrastructure, congested ports, insufficient digitalization, elevated domestic transportation expenses, and protracted customs processes.  Interviews revealed that these factors lead to significant delays, extended delivery periods, and increased final costs for exported goods, diminishing their competitiveness relative to countries with superior logistics systems. Additionally, it was discovered that they struggle to manage these expenses because they lack their own infrastructure, reliable logistics contracts, or cutting-edge technological tools.   According to the report, Colombia needs to improve its infrastructure, modernize its customs processes, integrate technology throughout the logistics chain, and ensure that public and privates institutions collaborate more effectively. The is would accelerate operations, reduce logistics costs, and increase the competitiveness of Colombian exports.    This article provides an updated analysis of the issue and makes recommendations that could serve as a springboard for additional study and the development of regulations to improve the nation's logistics.