Deficiency in the use of IoT technologies for water monitoring: consequences for water well-being in the Pamplonita River

Abstract

This article analyzes the barriers present in the implementation of IoT technologies
for monitoring the water quality of the Pamplonita River, located in Cúcuta, Norte de
Santander. Recent institutional reports issued by the Departmental Secretariat of Drinking
Water and Corponor were examined, along with environmental records available for the
2023–2025 period, using a qualitative approach and a documentary-descriptive design.
According to the study, water monitoring in the river shows significant deficiencies, such
as low sampling frequency, limited coverage in critical areas, dependence on manual
measurements, and the continuous presence of microbiological and physicochemical
contaminants. These limitations hinder early identification of public health risks and
preventive water resource management. A content analysis matrix was used to organize the
information, allowing the classification of data into categories such as flow rate,
microbiological conditions, physicochemical quality, institutional management, and
anthropic pressures.