El impacto de las TIC en la sostenibilidad y competitividad empresarial de las Mipymes
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61799/2216-0388.1575Palabras clave:
Competitividad Empresarial, Innovación, Covid-19, Mipymes, Sostenibilidad Empresarial, Tic, Transformación DigitalResumen
Este artículo presenta los resultados de una revisión descriptiva de la literatura centrada en evaluar el impacto de las Tecnologías de la Información y Comunicación (TIC) en la sostenibilidad y competitividad empresarial de las Micro, Pequeñas y Medianas Empresas (MiPymes) durante y tras la pandemia del SARS-CoV-2 (Covid-19). El proceso metodológico se estructuró en tres fases: primero, búsqueda sistemática en bases de datos Scopus y Web of Science mediante palabras clave y operadores booleanos; segundo, selección de documentos mediante criterios de inclusión/exclusión (publicación entre 2015 y 2025, revisión por pares, enfoque en MiPymes y relación explícita con TIC, sostenibilidad o competitividad); y tercero, análisis cualitativo mediante una matriz de revisión que codificó variables como tipo de TIC, dimensión de sostenibilidad afectada (económica, social, ambiental), indicadores de competitividad y contexto sectorial. A partir del análisis de 50 artículos finalmente seleccionados, se identificaron cuatro ejes temáticos centrales: comercio electrónico, innovación, infraestructura tecnológica y resiliencia ante crisis. Los hallazgos evidencian que, si bien las TIC actúan como catalizadores de competitividad al ampliar mercados y optimizar operaciones, su contribución a la sostenibilidad ambiental es limitada y dependiente del tipo de tecnología adoptada y del sector productivo. El estudio concluye con recomendaciones para MiPymes y formuladores de política pública, y propone líneas de investigación futura sobre la integración de tecnologías 4.0 en modelos de negocio sostenibles.
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