¿Mejora la educación financiera la inclusión financiera y la toma de decisiones de los propietarios de pymes, lo que se traduce en mejores resultados de rendimiento?
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61799/2216-0388.1886Palabras clave:
Generación de empleo, inclusión financiera, educación financiera, pequeñas empresas.Resumen
Las pequeñas empresas (PYME) desempeñan un papel fundamental en la generación de empleo, la reducción de la pobreza y el crecimiento económico. Su éxito suele verse limitado por la falta de conocimientos financieros, prácticas inadecuadas en la toma de decisiones y un acceso restringido a los servicios financieros formales. La alfabetización financiera se ha identificado como un factor importante que puede mejorar el desempeño empresarial y la inclusión en los sistemas financieros. Este estudio investiga el papel de la alfabetización financiera en la mejora de la inclusión financiera y el desempeño empresarial entre los propietarios de PYME, centrándose en la interacción entre la alfabetización financiera, la toma de decisiones de los propietarios y el acceso a la financiación. Se adoptó un diseño de investigación correlacional con datos transversales de 137 países, excluyendo 21 por falta de datos. La alfabetización financiera se midió mediante el conocimiento de los procedimientos de calificación crediticia y la comprensión de los sistemas financieros, mientras que la toma de decisiones de los propietarios se evaluó mediante el Índice de Prácticas de Gestión del Banco Mundial. El mejor desempeño empresarial se evaluó a través de la alcanzabilidad de los objetivos de producción. El estudio utilizó la regresión de mínimos cuadrados para examinar las relaciones entre la alfabetización financiera (AF), la toma de decisiones de los propietarios (TDP), la inclusión financiera (IF) y su interacción con el desempeño empresarial (DEM), controlando la heterocedasticidad y la multicolinealidad. El análisis indica que la alfabetización financiera (0,855) y la toma de decisiones de los propietarios (0,68) influyen de manera significativa y positiva en el DEE. La inclusión financiera por sí sola no tiene un efecto significativo. Cabe destacar que la interacción entre la alfabetización financiera y la toma de decisiones (0,07) mejora significativamente los resultados de desempeño, y la interacción de la alfabetización financiera con la inclusión financiera (0,002) también afecta positivamente al DEE. La alfabetización financiera y la toma de decisiones estructurada son factores clave para el desempeño de las PYME, mientras que el acceso a los servicios financieros por sí solo es insuficiente. Los efectos sinérgicos entre la alfabetización financiera y la toma de decisiones, así como la inclusión financiera, mejoran sustancialmente los resultados empresariales, lo que subraya la necesidad de políticas y programas que fortalezcan la educación financiera y las capacidades gerenciales de los propietarios de PYME.
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