Analysis of the Perception and Adoption of Animal Health Extension Strategies in the Fish Farming Sector

Abstract

Aquaculture has been conceived as an essential productive alternative for sustainable development in rural communities because it contributes to job creation, food security, and economic diversification. However, its growth faces challenges associated with the adoption of biosecurity practices and the efficient implementation of animal health extension strategies. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the perception and adoption of animal health extension strategies among fish farmers, identifying the factors that influence their effectiveness and sustainability. A descriptive qualitative approach was used, based on a review of scientific articles, technical reports, and institutional documents published in the last eight years. The information was organized into categories related to perception, adoption, production context, and sustainability. The evidence indicates that the average adoption of biosecurity practices in international aquaculture systems reaches 58%, and 56% of producers are considered high adopters. Similarly, 70% of respondents identified diseases as the sector's main challenge, and low female participation (around 8%) was observed, reflecting difficulties in accessing technical training. Thus, the reviewed studies reveal a positive perception that extension services promote the implementation of best practices. The effectiveness of animal health extension depends on its adaptation to the local context, the ongoing training of producers, and institutional strengthening. Therefore, its proper implementation is useful for improving aquaculture health and promoting equitable and sustainable rural development