Revisión de Protocolos de Comunicación Aplicados a la Minería de Carbón: Limitaciones, Tendencias e Innovaciones para Entornos Críticos
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61799/2216-0388.1799Palabras clave:
Comunicación industrial, Innovación tecnológica, Minería subterránea, Protocolos de comunicación, Tendencias tecnológicas, Minas de carbónResumen
En la actualidad, los sistemas de comunicación industrial desempeñan un papel fundamental en la eficiencia y seguridad de los procesos mineros, especialmente en entornos subterráneos como las minas de carbón, donde las condiciones son complejas. El objetivo de este artículo es analizar las principales limitaciones, tendencias e innovaciones en protocolos de comunicación industrial aplicados a la minería de carbón. La metodología consistió en una revisión bibliográfica sistemática de artículos publicados entre 2019 y 2025, obtenidos principalmente de la base de datos Scopus. Los artículos fueron analizados de forma cualitativa para identificar las tendencias, tecnologías emergentes, desafíos comunes y propuestas aplicadas en el contexto minero. Los resultados evidencian una tendencia al uso de sistemas como ZIGBEE, como también redes robustas de wifi. Por otro lado, se están probando nuevas tecnologías como las redes 5G y el uso del microcontrolador ESP32 como una alternativa económica con su protocolo ESP-now. Asimismo, se destaca la tendencia hacia soluciones basadas en el Internet de las Cosas y redes tipo malla adaptadas a túneles subterráneos. Se concluye que la evolución de los protocolos de comunicación industrial representa una oportunidad para fortalecer la seguridad, optimizar la operación minera y avanzar hacia una minería más segura e inteligente.
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