Desarrollo del pensamiento crítico en la educación de enfermería
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61799/2216-0388.1969Palabras clave:
educación enfermería, estrategias educativas, enseñanza superior, pensamiento críticoResumen
La educación en enfermería, se plantea la necesidad de realizar transformaciones educativas para alcanzar niveles más altos en la capacidad de pensamiento crítico por parte de las enfermeras (os), que se exprese en la toma de decisiones, el juicio clínico, el liderazgo y la intervención en la gestión de la atención en salud en los complejos entornos sociales actuales, además de los beneficios para la vida personal, profesional y social de los estudiantes. Identificar las estrategias de enseñanza empleadas para el desarrollo del pensamiento crítico en la formación de pregrado de enfermería. Se realizó una investigación secundaria, de tipo revisión integrativa, que incluyó 38 artículos. La búsqueda se realizó en las bases de datos: PubMed, Science Direct, Scoupus, y LILACS; aplicando los filtros de acceso libre a texto completo, publicado entre 2020-2025, en idioma: inglés, español y portugués. Para la búsqueda y selección de los artículos se siguieron las recomendaciones de la declaración PRISMA 2020, para el análisis temático la metodología propuesta por Dhollande et al. De los 38 artículos, once correspondían a revisiones de literatura, veinte a estudios cuantitativos y siete a cualitativos; realizados mayoritariamente en países de Asia, seguidos de Europa y Latinoamérica. Del análisis temático emergieron tres temas: Buscando cómo desarrollar el pensamiento crítico en los estudiantes de enfermería; Factores que intervienen en la enseñanza para el desarrollo de pensamiento crítico de los estudiantes de enfermería y Medición del pensamiento crítico: Diagnóstico sobre el estado o evaluación del proceso. Existe evidencia sobre estrategias de enseñanza con efectos positivos en las habilidades de pensamiento crítico en estudiantes de enfermería; sin embargo, se requiere que los programas realicen procesos de conceptualización, reflexión y formación profesoral sobre pensamiento crítico, para que la planificación e implementación de estrategias sean transversales en el currículo.
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